Brazil has emerged as one of the most significant sources of emeralds in the modern market. Mining operations are concentrated in the states of Ceará, Bahia, Goiás, and Minas Gerais, with the latter also renowned for producing other gem-quality beryl varieties such as aquamarine and morganite.
Gemologist John Sinkankas highlighted Minas Gerais as the world’s leading producer of gem beryls, noting its centuries-long output and consistent quality.
Quality and Perceptions
Brazil has been a steady supplier of gem-grade emeralds since the 1970s. Early on, however, Brazilian emeralds were sometimes dismissed as “green beryl” rather than true emeralds. This perception shifted in 1963 when the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) officially certified them as emeralds.
It is important to remember that quality depends on the individual gemstone, not the source. Colombia still dominates global emerald supply, producing stones that range from heavily included pieces to near-perfect gems fit for high-end auctions. The same spectrum exists in Brazil, with some stones rivaling or even surpassing Colombian emeralds in beauty.
On average, Brazilian emeralds are known for being slightly lighter in tone and saturation, but exceptional gems from Brazil can equal the finest emeralds found anywhere in the world.
Environmental and Safety Challenges
Like all mining activities, emerald extraction in Brazil carries environmental and human risks. If a mine is abandoned without proper rehabilitation, rain can trigger landslides, potentially threatening nearby communities. Even smaller-scale sites can leave behind hazardous open pits, creating long-term problems for both the land and local residents.
Mining itself is also dangerous for workers, with risks ranging from cave-ins to accidents involving heavy equipment. To mitigate these issues, strong safety regulations, mandatory insurance, and proper cleanup requirements are essential. These measures, while costly for operators, are crucial to balance economic benefit with environmental protection and human welfare.